Reflections while doing CA10.1 (partial)

I found this activity very interesting and even exciting as I could relate and even envisage using/trying to use wikis in my own professional context. This could radically change how I teach (or one aspect of it). I need to reflect further on how I can best apply wikis and other technology (pod/videocasts, blogs, mobile phones, etc.) to my teaching context/my students' learning context.

There were various links I found interesting and useful (see below).

There was a paper on using games in education. I already know that perhaps 80% of my male students and 50% of my female students play computer games regularly or daily. Finding an interesting/attractive way of putting those gaming skills/skills used in gaming to use as a means of enhancing their English speaking skills would be a good way of centering learning on the students and not vice versa. But I can't find it now - maybe it was one I read for Unit 9 (blogs)??

Writing this I now realise I forgot to include in the briefing document that wikis can appeal to the students' "digital native" character. Though I feel it's not wise to presume that my Chinese students (of around 20 years of age) are the same as US or UK students. My students have lived their entire lives in the highly developed city of Shanghai and have many of the latest gadgets and seem interested in the latest fads, but I should be cautious when adapting western studies to an asian environment. Which is something I've already learnt the hard way when trying to apply a more interactive/communicative/student-centred style of teaching to my lessons.


References
Ferris, S. and Wilder, H. (2006) ‘Uses and potentials of wikis in the classroom’, Innovate, vol. 2, no. 5. [Online], Available from: http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=258 (Accessed 11 January 2009).

http://educationalwikis.wikispaces.com/Articles+and+Resources

Lamb, B. (2004) ‘Wide open space: wikis, ready or not’, Educause Review, vol. 39, no. 5
(September/October), pp. 36–48. [Online], Available from:
http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0452.asp (Accessed 11 January 2009).

Prensky, M. 2001. Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon 9 (5).
http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf. (accessed 11 January 2009).

TeachersFirst (2006-2008) 'Index' http://www.teachersfirst.com/index.cfm

CA10.1- Putting knowledge into practice

So, explain to other English teachers:

- What are wikis?
- How can wikis be used in teaching English as a foreign language?
- What the teachers would need to do technically?
----------- to set one up
----------- to keep it working


What are wikis?
"Wikis are collaborative Web-based sites with "open editing." That is, the information on a wiki can be edited by any and all users. Once users visit wikis,they can read and, if they wish, edit or change the text by using a Web-browser to re-write, re-organize, or update the structure and content of the site. In wikis, readers are writers, and readers and writers jointly form a community of collaboration. Wikis can best be seen in action through the very popular Wikipedia [http://www.wikipedia.org/] and Wiktionary [http://wiktionary.org/]." (Ferris and Wilder, 2006, pp 2-3). If you haven't seen/experienced a wiki I suggest you take a look at Wikipedia before going on.

So, generally speaking, anyone can enter text onto a wiki page, edit any text, or create new pages and new hyperlinks. However, as you'll be using the wiki for class, you will probably want your wiki to have certain restrictions. You can make yourself the administrator/moderator/chief editor and "lock" certain pages that you want to be always visible and free from changes/edits. You can also specify and control who has access to the wiki. You can give all students in a class unique passwords so that additions and changes can be tracked. This can encourage students as they have (a kind of) proven ownership of their work. Or you could give the same password to all the students, but then you can't track changes by student. This may help encourage proactivity in the Chinese classroom with less outgoing students who may not participate for fear of making a mistake and being seen to lose face. However, this option also leaves more room for vandalism.

Wikis are simple to use because if you know how to use Word you can use a wiki. Students may need to learn a few more simple things, but the wiki itself will explain them and they can practice them straightaway without fear of ruining the wiki because another important point is that wikis are easily reversible. With this I mean that wikis automatically keep a history of changes so that things can easily be put back the way they were. This encourages bolder editing as any mistakes/changes of mind can be rectified straightaway or months later. It also helps discourage vandalism.

In case anyone asks, the word "wiki" was "coined by programmer Ward Cunningham (1949- ), from Hawaiian wiki-wiki ‘quick-quick.’" (Apple, 2009)

How can wikis be used in teaching English as a foreign language in China?
Obviously, as wikis are text based they lend themselves more readily to the skills of reading and writing. However, listening and speaking skills can be directly enhanced as wiki pages can have podcasts or videocasts embedded into them which students could listen to and watch, or even produce. Another important aspect is the sense of community collaboration/community learning that the wiki foments. Conversational English students could be assigned written wiki projects to complete together that they can later comment on/discuss (orally) in class. Thus the wiki would help provide a real reason to use English, while its asynchronous, online nature would tackle the typical excuse students use that they could never find time to get together to collaborate.

A wiki can encourage peer teaching/learning/support in that one student's text can be edited/corrected by other students. However, in a Chinese context this aspect of wikis needs to be carefully considered before being used - and I'm not even sure that many Chinese students would (initially) publicly want to correct other students for fear of shaming them. But I think that the idea of collective-ownership of work with all contributors being able to unilaterally edit fellow students' work can be a valuable life-experience for many Chinese students. Chinese students nowadays may suffer from "little-emperor syndrome", a direct consequence of the one-child policy. This condition manifests itself in arrogance, ego-centricity, and general anti-social behaviours - none of which are traits that western companies generally look for in their employees. This is a concern, because more than half of my students at this university state that they wish to work for a western company. So the lessons in teamwork, group goal over personal gain and initiative/proactivity can be far reaching. Though, for any lessons to be learnt, the students need to take an active interest in their contributions and what happens to them, which is something not always easy to achieve in a conversational English class taught by a foreigner in China. But as Clay Shirky observes: "A wiki in the hands of a healthy community works. A wiki in the hands of an indifferent community fails" (quoted in Lamb, 2004).

Archives of constantly updated information, relevant to the students and subject, can be created. Once a supportive environment has been established, students can share their knowledge and find out how teaching helps learning (or at least how organising/reflecting on one's thoughts helps deeper understanding).

Of course, the class wiki can lead to inter-class wikis if other English teachers are happy with the idea. I have no idea how inter-school or inter-country wikis would be viewed by students or school administration.

Separate areas of the wiki (or separate wikis) could be set up for certain students to collaborate on in private for debate or presentation projects for example.


What the teachers would need to do technically? - to set one up - to keep it working
When thinking about choosing a wiki, there "is no unified set of software characteristics that are shared by all wikis. The dozens of prominent wiki engines freely available for download on the Internet vary in approaches, programming languages, and architectures. Technical quirks of wiki systems, indicative of the often anarchic programming communities that have developed them, need to be considered before choosing a system" (Lamb, 2004).

Of course it goes without saying that the wiki should be set up and maintained at no financial cost (to you or the school). This means you need to set up a free wiki that can be password protected.

Working at a university in China means that certain western considerations may not be necessarily applicable. In the west, one might be well advised to first seek administrative approval and learn what the policy is on posting student information (names, photos, etc) on the internet is, and perhaps parent permission should also be sought (teachersfirst, 2009).

However, in China, two things advise against troubling school administration with such considerations. One is that the average foreign English teacher is merely tolerated (as a legal requirement for the teaching of English) and not actually expected or encouraged to go to great lengths to improve his/her students' level of English. Actively pointing out how teaching may be improved could be badly received as it could be understood as a criticism of current teaching methods. In order to save face the administration may resort to actively ignoring any requests to change teaching methodology. Absence of response may also be designed to save face for the foreign teacher as, in Chinese eyes, having their request denied would make the teacher lose face. Another complication would be that the school administration may agree to implement the use of wikis but actually do nothing about it. This again may be designed to save face for the teacher, and in Chinese eyes may not be considered misleading, a trick or deceitful in any way.

Another reason not to trouble school administration is that personal information doesn't seem to be as highly protected in China. A foreigner will find that without permission their personal details are passed on to 3rd parties if asked for and companies never heard of will send him/her letters, emails, sms and call at any time of the day or night. I would simply advise the teacher to set up a wiki that is password protected for viewing and editing. As for parental permission, I think parents may not understand why permission is being asked. Parents will agree to their son/daughter using a wiki provided you claim it's good for their child, and the child passes their oral English exams - which in China very rarely doesn't happen. It will be up to the teacher to try to make sure the student actually deserves their pass mark and makes the most of their wiki experience.

If school administration hears about the wiki, and takes an interest in it, you can give them a password that allows them to view the wiki. If they actually view the wiki and do see anything they don't like - which would probably be open, moderate to severe criticism of the school, China or its policies - then you could be fired, the police informed of your actions, you could be detained and then deported. If you're unsure of what you shouldn't discuss with students (and in many cases, teachers) then do an internet search.

Try to involve students in creating the editing policies/rules for the wiki. The greater their involvement in creating the wiki environment, the more likely they will follow those rules and participate in general. See http://www.teachersfirst.com/content/wiki/wikistep1.cfm for some ideas for polices.

Perhaps try to use the wiki as a shared English environment that students (don't have in real-life but) can experience, and refer to in discussions in class. However, the teacher should be cautious when intervening in the construction of this environment as to " truly empower students within collaborative or coconstructed activities requires the teacher to relinquish some degree of control over those activities. The instructor’s role shifts to that of establishing contexts or setting up problems to engage students. In a wiki, the instructor may set the stage or initiate interactions, but the medium works most effectively when students can assert meaningful autonomy over the process. It’s not that authority can’t be imposed on a wiki, but doing so undermines the effectiveness of the tool" (Lamb, 2004).


References
Apple Inc., (2005-2007) Apple Dictionary Version 1.0.2 (Accessed 11 January 2009).

Ferris, S. and Wilder, H. (2006) ‘Uses and potentials of wikis in the classroom’, Innovate, vol. 2, no. 5. [Online], Available from: http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?
view=article&id=258 (Accessed 11 January 2009).

Lamb, B. (2004) ‘Wide open space: wikis, ready or not’, Educause Review, vol. 39, no. 5
(September/October), pp. 36–48. [Online], Available from:
http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0452.asp (Accessed 11 January 2009).

TeachersFirst (2006-2008) 'Index' http://www.teachersfirst.com/index.cfm

SA9.2

The Google Doc table as it looked after my latest additions to it.

The activity gave me the opportunity to use Google docs for the first time.

[Need to add to this entry. E.g. mention the other collaborators, especially Nigel S. See Cafe forum]

CA9.1 - desktop research

[<-- Click on the image to enlarge in the same window, then use the browser "back" button. Or open in separate tab or window]

In this activity your task is to research the use of blogs in education. You should locate a variety of sources that might include some or all of the following: - journal articles - news articles - blog entries - podcasts - case studies and examples - conference papers.


Having started this activity later than everyone else (on the forums), and having read the information they have posted, it seems rather futile to spend a great deal of time on this activity.

So I've googled "education blog"; "education blog UK"; and "what are blogs used for". There is tonnes of information out there and many many people have already provided their answers to the questions posed. It simply seems illogical to try to make my own categories of blogs for education when other people have made perfectly good categories already. I can't believe that we are being required to work "hard" instead of "smart".

Wikipedia (2009) defines a "blog" as:
A blog (a contraction of the term "Web log") is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

Then goes on to say:
Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, Web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketches (sketchblog), videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog), audio (podcasting), which are part of a wider network of social media. Micro-blogging is another type of blogging, one which consists of blogs with very short posts. As of December 2007, blog search engine Technorati was tracking more than 112 million blogs.[1] With the advent of video blogging, the word blog has taken on an even looser meaning — that of any bit of media wherein the subject expresses his opinion or simply talks about something.

Wikipedia lists types of blogs as:

Personal Blogs
The personal blog, an ongoing diary or commentary by an individual, is the traditional, most common blog.
Corporate Blogs
For business purposes. Blogs, either used internally to enhance the communication and culture in a corporation or externally for marketing, branding or public relations purposes are called corporate blogs.
Question Blogging
A type of blog that answers questions
By Media Type
A blog comprising videos is called a vlog, one comprising links is called a linklog, a site containing a portfolio of sketches is called a sketchblog or one comprising photos is called a photoblog.[4] Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types are called tumblelogs.
By Device
Blogs can also be defined by which type of device is used to compose it. A blog written by a mobile device like a mobile phone or PDA could be called a moblog.
By Genre
Some blogs focus on a particular subject, such as political blogs, travel blogs, house blogs,[6] [7] fashion blogs, project blogs, education blogs, niche blogs, classical music blogs, quizzing blogs and legal blogs (often referred to as a blawgs) or dreamlogs. While not a legitimate type of blog, one used for the sole purpose of spamming is known as a Splog.

Further down the same page wikipedia talks of an "edublog" and defines it as (wikipedia 2009b):

a blog written by someone with a stake in education. Examples might include blogs written by or for teachers, blogs maintained for the purpose of classroom instruction, or blogs written about educational policy. The collection of these blogs is called the edublogosphere by some, in keeping with the larger blogosphere, although that label is not necessarily universally agreed upon. Others refer to the community or collection of blogs and bloggers as the edusphere.

It goes on to list:

Notable Edubloggers
Stephen Downes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Downes]
Michael Feldstein [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Feldstein]
Will Richardson [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Richardson]
James N. Farmer [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_N._Farmer]


Multiuser edublogging platforms
Free Edublogs - Widely used edublog by teachers. [http://edublogs.org/]
Classblogmeister - Widely used free edublog for students and teachers. [http://www.classblogmeister.com/]
EduSpaces - Social networking site for educators which includes blogs. Uses the Elgg platform. [http://eduspaces.net/]
TeachFor.Us - Teach for America teacher blogs, running Lyceum [http://TeachFor.Us/]
Teacher Lingo - Community of teacher blogs. Uses Community Server platform from Telligent Systems. [http://teacherlingo.com/]


-----------------

Jim in (http://discuss1.open.ac.uk/Login/FAVC-002C5775/FAVC-002C577B/FAVC-002C577C/I09C6F084?Templates=Printable) wrote:

"Educause ‘Additional Examples of Blogs’, Educause Learning Initiative, [online] Available from: http://www.educause.edu/ELI/ELIDiscoveryToolGuidetoBloggin/AdditionalExamplesofBlogs/13561 (Accessed 5 January 2009).

categories mentioned
* slices of life
(stream of consciousness writing by a blogger)
* topic blogs
(politics, library issues, learning technology)
* marketing blogs
(usually by a small business, providing extra information on a service or product - i.e. a new book)
* event blogs
(chronology of things happening at a conference, meeting, broader event from the perspective of the blogger)
* learning journals
(to gather reflections)
* scholarly blogs
(to share ideas related to a specific field)
* how to or best practices blogs
(how to create effective blogs)

I thought all of these categories could be linked to education in the broadest sense. At least five of them could be linked to "formal" educational use - topic blogs, event blogs, learning journals, scholarly blogs.. and how to / best practices. They could be further reviewed from the perspective of a teacher, student, administrator - each of these would have a different reason or point of view in how the blog might be used. "

------------------------

Nigel S, has used:
Personal) Reflective blogs
Collaborative blogs
Advisory/ informative blogs
Archive blogs

Source: forum message
-------------------

Keely has used:
Sharing general educational news
Blogs to learn from (informative blogs)
Sharing experiences
Advisory blogs
Reflective blogs (students engaged in courses)
Sharing resources and links
Learning & technology information news

Source: http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/oublog/viewpost.php?post=5498
------------------------

Colleen has used:
Advisory blog written by educational organisation
Blog maintained by an individual with expertise in learning technologies
Reflective blog written by a student on a course
Blog maintained by teaching practitioner to share good practice
Publicly available blogging opportunities for teachers and students

Source: forum message

----------------------

for CA9.1 @ 09-01-09

I tried to access the links given in the unit resources in order, but http://technorati.com/blogs/tag/education , http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0450.asp?bhcp=1 and http://edublogs.org/ would not open but http://oedb.org/library/features/top-100-education-blogs did. I read the first paragraph on the oedb site page that opened (oedb, 2009) and it supported my understanding that my research can only be peek at what the internet has to offer because there are far too many blogs on the internet for me to carry out detailed research. The first pragraph states that "There are over 30,000 blogs hosted at edublogs.org alone" (oedb, 2009). Jim and Nigel S also commented in the forums on how necessarily incomplete our research must be due to time constraints.

The oedb page went on to list its "Top 100 Educational Blogs", and separated the list into 10 categories. I used the listed categories as a starting point for my own search.



References
oedb (2009) http://oedb.org/library/features/top-100-education-blogs (accessed 09/01/09)

wikipedia (2009a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog (accessed 7 January 2009)
(wikipedia 2009b) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edublog

More on CA8.1

00:39 today

Visible to all Open University users

(For CA8.1 podcast link and transcript see below.)

So, technology related competence for Unit 8:
- Installed and learnt to use Audacity and Lame encoder
- Used these to make a podcast
- Also learnt to use Keynote (Mac's PP style presentation tool)
- I already knew how to use iTunes
- I had already knew how to upload mp3s to podcasting website

I finally decided on a topic for the podcast; wrote some text and recorded it using Audacity and Lame.

Not having a sound studio is a problem when you live in downtown Shanghai - not the quietest of places at any given time! But I used a headset with mic and hoped for the best. The sound quality seems ok though of course not studio quality. My delivery of the text could be better, but generally I think vocalisation is ok and I did try to use different speed of delivery to differentiate between the podcast text itself and example-text (listen to the podcast and you'll understand what I'm talking about).

I didn't re-read any instructions for Audacity (if I did actually read any in the first place) and managed through some trial and error to make an mp3 recording of just under 6 minutes. I decided not to edit using audacity so I had to rerecord the whole thing or almost the whole thing a few times. I decided that would be more straightforward and probably quicker than trying to figure out how to edit using Audacity. But if I had to use the tool, I now feel confident that it can do the job and that I could learn to edit using it if needed. Of course I still prefer iMovie for audio and video editing.

While experimenting with the idea of using podcasts in the classroom, I decided to try out Mac's Keynote (Power Point (PP) Mac style, as it were). I wanted to see if it was easy to embed podcasts into a PP style presentation. I found out that Keynote is wonderfully simple to use. Adding photos, music or video is as simple as drag and drop. Then you resize and reposition using mouse/trackpad and cursor. I watched a single, brief, online video tutorial and was compiling my presentation seconds later. I added text and photos to "slides". I added video to slides and then added music on top. I had slides with different themes and had text, photos and video on the same slide. And all was achieved very intuitively and with great control over the results. I now feel confident that I can make a good-looking multimedia presentation for class that I can fully control/adjust in real-time. Using video-podcasts embedded in a mult-media presentation like this can be a very useful and effective way of highlighting various aspects of western culture for my Chinese students. I'm sure the excellent visual quality and clean finish of Keynote will impress and help maintain students' interest. Topics can be introduced and referenced very effectively leaving more time for students to actually practice their English speaking.

Podcasts can also be a great way for f2f TEFL teacher to save his/her voice from overuse in class. The podcasts (especially videopodcasts) can also be used to expose students to different authentic, native, English accents in a "natural" environment (on screen) - vital if the student is to communicate effectively in the real world.

And of course, the podcasts and whole presentations can be uploaded to a site or blog for the students to access at will in their own time.

Problems/issues that the students may encounter accessing/using the podcast/keynotes are:
- many students don't have computers and so getting access to a computer can sometimes be a problem

- some students claim not to have much practice using a computer - which could in turn lead to problems/delays accessing files in their own time. [Though I tend to think that this "excuse" is used to explain why they haven't done homework/accessed the files etc.]

- in class, equipment may fail or be incompatible.

- as there is only a computer for the teacher in my classrooms, the students won't have accessibility problems/issues when viewing the podcasts in class.

---------------

My podcast for CA8.1 will open directly clicking on http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/JoseMartelH808PodcastforCA81.mp3 or go to feed://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml to choose the link from the 4 OU podcasts I've published there. The file is just under 6 minutes long and 5.3MB.

Transcript:

Hello and welcome. My name is Jose Martel and I'm a student on the open University's course H808 The Elearning Professional. This podcast is a requirement for Core Activity 8.1.

I will briefly talk, from a personal perspective, on some aspects and issues of student group-collaboration in an asynchronous forum, especially when different time zones are involved.

It might be helpful to hear something I wrote when participating in a group collaboration with students in a time zone 8 hours behind my own:

"Most of the time I felt isolated, working alone in a time zone 8 hours ahead of the rest of the group. I could only hope for replies to my comments towards the end of my day (from 4pm onwards), by that time I had often been working on the activity from 7am to 10am then gone to work for 7 hours and returned after 6pm. My comments seemed distant in time and thought by then. It was sometimes hard to keep an interest in my point of view when I had posted a reply 12 hours before and had moved on in thought, but then would have to go back to reply to the old thoughts that were still being dealt with by other members of the group. It is possible that rest of the group also found it bothersome having to allow for the my late replies."

Something else that can negatively affect group collaboration are time limits. For the group activity just mentioned we had one week to prepare for, discuss and produce the required result. Here's a related text I wrote at the time:

I often had the impression that the group as a whole wanted to complete the activity with, "the easiest/less problematic route being taken" [...] that their overriding concern was finishing the activity (and moving on). Perhaps the asynchronous forum with time constraints and the fact that members were/are strangers may have been contributing factors. The general consensus seemed to be to try to integrate as many ideas as possible, to make it an inclusive-[activity] (regardless of an unsatisfactory outcome).

At the time I felt strongly enough about the issue to post a forum message. Here's an excerpt:

I'd like to question whether these quickie group activities are useful enough to us to warrant the additional stress and opportunities for discord and even antipathy that they bring. Also, I think often the lack of clear leadership (coupled with lack of time) within the group will result in the easiest/less problematic route being taken or an "ok, whatever you think is best" or even an "ok, whatever" attitude. All/some group members may not express their true thoughts through lack of interest, a desire to accept anything just to move on, wanting to avoid even the slightest confrontation, wanting to feel part of the group, other.
There may not be a good opportunity for real discussion, especially if members are in distant time zones.
These group activities can merely emphasise how much some of us are not part of the group activity or H808 cohort. And at best (worst?) they may only help to form cliques.

I feel it's essential that teachers/tutors need to give clear instructions and be actively monitoring the forums in order to pick up on problems/guide/give advice in a timely manner. I wrote that:

Perhaps given more time, clearer guidelines and guidance, the activity could have been more successful. However, even with improvements of presentation, H808 does not seem to have students who are ideally placed to participate effectively in, and learn from, group activities.

That also questioned whether group activities carried out via online asynchronous forums by students (and in particular, students who have full-time professional occupations) who have little time or inclination to collaborate will provide good opportunities for learning. At the time I said that I thought there was little deep-learning being achieved.

To sum up:

Group collaborations using online asynchronous forums can be problematic. Some issues to bear in mind can be the danger of pronounced feelings of isolation students can feel, especially when additionally displaced by time zones.

The group should be given enough time to complete the activity without feeling too pressured into avoiding discussion in order to finish the task.

An issue not previously mentioned, could be the need to make sure that students (especially students who don't know each other well) understand that asynchronous forum dynamics require a more cautious approach to discussions and problem solving. Verbal and non-verbal aspects of face-to-face discussions/meetings are absent so the risk of misunderstandings is greatly increased. And the resultant need to clearly state and clarify points made can add additional stress to the situation.


This has been Jose Martel presenting a podcast for Core Activity 8.1 of the open University's course H808, The Elearning Professional. The podcast briefly outlined, from a personal perspective, some aspects and issues of student group-collaboration in an asynchronous forum, especially when different time zones are involved. 

Thank you for listening.

Re CA8.1

2 January, 03:14

Visible to all Open University users

Ok, in an attempt to create some (more) evidence to show I can use new technology, I decided to try to use Audacity and Lame to create a podcast on the XP partition of my MacBook. [Using Mac's Boot Camp I have partitioned/divided the hard drive and loaded XP on one part. Now I can use the MacBook to boot directly into Mac OS X 10.5.6 or XP professional 2002 SP3.]

Being used to the simplicity of Mac installations it seemed to take some time to set up Audacity and Lame and I was a bit confused trying to locate the files to download. Audacity itself seems quite easy to use though (the basic functions at least). I didn't expect to have to search for the Lame encoder on behalf of Audacity. After a couple of hiccoughs I successfully linked it though and created my 1st MP3 using the software which played directly on iTunes for Windows.

All the while I was muddling through the instructions and trying to keep track of the IE windows (for a more authentic experience I decided not to use the much more convenient tabs in Safari for Windows -[Update-Windows automatic update offered me IE7 which has tabs so I switched; I also installed Firefox 3]). I couldn't help thinking that it's just so much easier and elegant using iMovie on Mac OS X.

I watched an interesting 2 hour long video podcast from Stanford University ("1.Darwin's Legacy: Course Introduction"). Then I thought I should perhaps simply listen to a podcast, so I listened to the 22+ min, "A World of Change: The International Initiative at Stanford University". Then I thought I should listen to something more elearning related, so I listened to the 9:34 min, "Listening to students - Innovative responses" from JISC (http://www.jisc.ac.uk/news/stories/2008/11/podcast63betsywilson.aspx) found thanks to Emma and a link in her blog post "Unit8 Part 1".

I was surprised by the informality of the video podcast. I had expected studio quality delivery/presentation, and found all the ums and ahs and fumbling of a live, unrehearsed performance. The 1st speaker was especially unprofessional/unrehearsed/lacking in confidence in his delivery. Also the PP presentations seemed rather amateurish/basic and not what I had expected of acclaimed and experienced professors/lecturors.

The Stanford podcast did have studio-quality audio. It seemed professional and interesting. However, half way through I found myself wanting to look at something in order to help focus my attention. I would have liked a transcription to follow as I listened, or actually be able to watch the various speakers.

The JISC podcast had good quality sound, though it seemed to have been recorded in a cafe and the interviewer seemed unexperienced and nervous. There was again no transcription, but the shorter duration made this less necessary for me.

Now to choose something to talk about...
- Professionals Vs service providers?
- The perceived need for legitimisation in the eyes of academics?
- ????

--------

02-01-09

Ok, some days later now.

I've continued to watch the Stanford Darwin series. Am on to lecture 5 of 10 now. Sometimes they can be too high-brow for me but they are interesting.

Perhaps I should try to listen/watch elearning podcasts!!!

Still can't think of something "that [addresses] an aspect of this course that raises issues for elearning in general" (unit8 part1 guide, p2) that I feel confident enough about to podcast on. Interviewing Chinese teachers on their thoughts on elearning (or foriegn English teachers) is an option, but would probably take some (considerable) time to prepare a face-to-face meeting/interview/discussion. Using something like Skype is a possibility though. But again the prep work and the actual production of the podcast seems prohibitively time-cinsuming at the moment. And leaving it for later doesn't seem an option either with work for the ECA drawing ever closer.

Reflections on TMA02 - and towards the ECA

28 Dec 2008, 04:10

Visible to all Open University users

Part 1

Once I was able to write about an actual elearning professional in my "professional" context the exercise became easier to relate to and focus on. It became doable.

Part 2

A major pain was identifying all the evidence/forum messages. I had a pdf with 189 pages of largely repeated messages - i.e., new messages that included the rest of the thread. And I was to blame for a lot of that content! I hadn't systematically filed away the messages as they were produced or soon after. Lack of time and the benefit/need of hindsight in categorising the evidence were probably factors.

I think I would have found it easier (and would have used fewer words) if I had written in the 1st person. Emma asked about this and Robin replied positively but saying she should confirm with her group tutor. I thought it too late to go asking for and waiting for confirmation and simply needed to get on with it.

Overall, I need to stay on track and start preparing for the ECA from now. I definitely shouldn't leave writing till the last week.

Mistakes

7 Dec 2008, 08:04

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 26 Dec 2008, 02:26

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I can see now that it was a mistake to enroll on H808.

I read the papers but I don't get the point... and I can see that others do.

I'm kind of going through the motions now, kind of waiting till this hole I've dug myself just disappears at the end of January.

Will I get at least 40%? I hope so...huge waste of money if I don't. Can I even see that what I'm reading - can't bring myself to call it learning - can be of use to me in the near future...not without further study...study for study's sake.

So why did I call this post "Mistakes" when I've only mentioned 1 mistake...?

Re Perkin's "The Third Social Revolution"

24 Nov 2008, 11:38

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 24 Nov 2008, 11:44

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Perkin in 1996 states that "The modern world is the world of the professional expert" (Perkins 1996, p1) as opposed to the industrial world dominated by capitalists. Perkin maintains that professionals' "power, prestige, influence, and
incomes stem from their possession of specialized knowledge, based on education, competitive merit, and experience on the job–in a word, on their human capital." (Perkins 1996, p1). Perkin states that "the key players are the professional managers of the great corporations and their counterparts ingovernment, the state bureaucrats" (Perkins 1996, p6). These professionals deal in "knowledge-based
services" (Perkins 1996, p6), "sophisticated services which have transformed human life" (Perkins 1996, p6). Perkins maintains that "As long as the particular expertise is scarce [...] the expert can command a rent as surely as the landlord or owner of industrial capital" (Perkins 1996, p7).

Stan (2008) points out that "Perkin’s view of society is closely related to the concept of the information society since an important part of being a professional is having information and being able to make use of it. This is one reason why the centrality of higher education is one of the major trends that Perkin attempts to explain."

Perkin warns that the more powerful professionals "are the elites who will make or break modern post-industrial society" by their "intelligence, enlightenment and integrity" though the unique cultural inheritance, social structure, and political ingenuity of each advanced country" is also a factor (Perkins 1996, p7).



References:

From: Philippa Perry 2 18 November 2008 19:00:26
Subject: Is this a professional society?
To: Alan Clarke
Cc: H808 ac6 Unit 6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_society


From: Mitchell Stan20 November 2008 13:51:53
Subject: Core Activity 6.1 on Perkins
To: H808 ac6 Unit 6

Perkin, H. (1996) Chapter 1 of The Third Revolution: Professional Elites in the Modern
World, London: Routledge. Available as a course resource.

Tags: student professional perkin unit 6 perry stan the third social revolution

Jose-H808 - The eLearning professional - PDP Form (MyStuff) at 25-10-08

30 Oct 2008, 12:48

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Saturday, October 25th, 2008, 5:17 AM

Jose-H808 - The eLearning professional - PDP Form (MyStuff) at 25-10-08
Training or development
Title for training or development Jose-H808 - The eLearning professional - PDP Form (MyStuff) at 25-10-08
Organisation or provider OU
Type training course
From date 06/09/2008
To date 25/01/2009
Ongoing Ongoing
Actions and dates to action
Action / Date
Outcomes
Learning objectives
• Familiarise self with debate about learning objects including respositories, metadata and IMS standards
• Gain insight into guiding online discussions and key factors for developing online communities
• Try out more audio-visual tools such as Skype (eg Netmeeting)
• Familiarise self with a variety of models for elearning
• Gain further ideas for online activities and an awareness for situations where they would be appropriate
• Look into how sensitive and critical comments are given to others (students and tutors) in an online environment, improve own techniques
• Familiarise self with some of the research behind elearning
• Try out a selection of common elearning platforms
• Familiarise self with methods for tackling plagiarism and digital copyright issues
• Look into ways online games are used in learning
• Develop working knowledge of, and ability to effectively use, key elearning technologies (e.g. eportfolios, wikis, blogs, learning journals, etc.)
• Improve, and document, own Critical Personal Reflection

Skills and/or expertise developed
• First experience with:
- (Skills) an eportfolio: MyStuff (Ongoing)
producing eportfolio items
tagging items
filling out first Training and Development Form
- (Skills) electronically annotating a pdf file (Unit 3)
- (Skills) creating a Local Area Network (LAN) (Unit 3)
- (Skills) editing a wiki (Unit 4)
- (Skills) making and publishing a podcast (Unit 4)
- (Skills) adding subtitles to video (Unit 4)
- (Skills) using a mind-mapping tool: FreeMind (Unit 4)
- (Skills/Proactivity) producing HowTo guides (Unit 4)
- (Proactivity) attempting to lead, inform or otherwise motivate others in an elearning context (Ongoing)

• Continuing experience with:
- (Skills) using and publishing a blog (Ongoing)
- (Skills/Proactivity) using/collaborating in online forums (Ongoing)
- (Skills) editing video (Unit 4)
- (Reflection) critical self-reflection (Ongoing)
- (Critique) analysis and critique of the practice of others (Ongoing)
- (Proactivity) attempting to lead, inform or otherwise motivate others (Ongoing)


General
Notes A lot of the above taken from:
- Barritt, O. (2008) "MOADE - H808 The Elearning professional", shared MyStuff item, (accessed 25th October 2008)
- Open University, (2008) "H808-Assignment guide 2008.pdf", (accessed 3rd October 2008)
- Open University, (2008) "H808-Course-guide-08.pdf", (accessed 3rd October 2008)
- Stan, M. (2008) "Personal development Objectives for H808", shared MyStuff item, accessed 25th October 2008
Tagged with H808 . PDP . training and development . reflection . skills . proactivity . critique .

1 comments
Alan Clarke on Sunday, October 26th, 2008, 11:29 PM says (privately)

Hi Jose

A well presented and detailed plan - it is clearly ambitous in the range and scale of the objectives - however, it demonstrates enthusiasm and motivation. You have tried to identify skills and knowledge already acquired through the course amd acknowledge sources. A very good effort

Cheers

Alan

More evidence for SA4.2 - HowTo access/use OU resources when using a Mac

19 Oct 2008, 13:16

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 19 Oct 2008, 13:17

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HowTo access/use OU resources when using a Mac
By Jose Martel Penate H808 081

I'll be giving my personal experiences as an OU student in Shanghai who uses mac computers to access and use OU resources.

First, a bit about my mac setup. When at home, I typically use a Mac Mini bought in 2007, with 2GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor, and upgraded to 2GB 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM, running OSX Leopard 10.5.5. On my commute to and from work I use an iBook bought in 2002, with a 600MHz PowerPC G3 processor, and upgraded to 640MB SDRAM, running OSX Tiger 10.4.11.

I've designated the iBook as the principal machine where OU work is concerned; it holds the OU working files and folders. When at home I connect the iBook to my ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) via a TL-R402 DSL router. The use of Bonjour simplifies my mac to mac connections and I can then use my Mac Mini to work on the files stored on the iBook - so both machines use the same files. This effectively avoids having to synchronise data (I'm refusing to spend money on a synchronisation solution).

I hold current backup files on both machines in locked folders that I've set Spotlight to ignore. This means that when I do OU related searches the only file/folders searched are the current working OU file/folders on the iBook. I also keep a backup folder of all my OU backups on an external hard drive. When I remember, I also replace the current OU backup folder I keep on my mp4 player (an Archos 604).

I typically use Safari (3.1.2) as my web browser of choice for most things, but for the OU I need to share the workload with Firefox (3.0.3). For simply accessing/reading OU webpages, I'll use Safari, but for editing I'll typically use Firefox. For the blogs - posts and comments - I need to use Firefox or formatting will be ignored. For editing "notes" in MyStuff, I again need to use Firefox because of formatting issues, but to upload files, Safari seems to work better and I recently found out I can write comments while using Safari and formatting is kept intact. For the wiki, it seems that editing can be done from Safari but can't while in Firefox or at least is inconsistent from Firefox. I'm new to the wiki so I haven't had a chance to investigate this further.

Regarding FirstClass, I haven't used their web version since I installed the Mac FirstClass Client (9.106) application in my first week of study. I can't remember much about FC web version, but I know I really didn't like it; it was slow and simply didn't work properly. The desktop version is clearly the superior product and, while not perfect, it is perfectly stable, useful and even has some nice (far more Mac-like than Window-ly) graphics.

Another word about the blogs. I want to browse my fellow students' blogs from time to time, but it's tedious and can be very time consuming having to go to each blog to find out if there have been new postings. So I subscribed to the RSS feeds for each blog. Each blog has a feed for posts and another feed for comments. You need to open the blogs from Safari and click directly on "RSS" (not "Atom" right next to it) - I prefer to right-click to open links in a new tab, but sometimes it seems that these RSS pages only open properly when you left-click directly. When the RSS page opens, left-click on the "Subscribe in Mail" link. If you then go to Mail you'll find an RSS feed that you can rename and that contains the posts or comments of the blog you subscribed to. The blog posts will have the blog poster's name - under the title - when you open each post, but the comments won't tell you where they come from. To find out whose blog the comments belong to you need to click on "Read more..." to be taken to the blog itself, and then rename the feed in Mail. If there is no feed in Mail, check your Mail preferences.

By the way, there is a Mac help website (that I didn't find very helpful). It's at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stephen.mcgann/index.html . It seems to be more geared toward helping potential students identify which OU courses are mac-compatible. Apart from that, it limits itself to briefly commenting on the mac-compatiblity of various pieces of software that students may or may not need to use. I think the site will only be of any use to someone with little practical experience of using macs. The site doesn't actually give current students of OU courses any advice on day to day issues that arise while doing an OU course using a mac.

Evidence for SA4.2 - A podcast about: HowTo - use iMovie to make a podcast

18 Oct 2008, 10:35

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 18 Oct 2008, 10:59

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A podcast about: HowTo - use iMovie to make a podcast
(Or simply how to edit video simply!) - By Jose Martel Penate

http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

Why do a HowTo use a Mac application when everyone is using pcs/Windows?
Well, I don't have a pc to hand right now, and you can get an idea of the simplicity that characterises Macs.

About the podcast

My voice is quite low in the voiceover, you may need to turn the volume up. I was trying not to wake my daughter who was sleeping in the same room. I also muttered a bit and was a bit nasally - I'm getting a cold. And the blurry image quality, it's not great, but it's good enough to see what I'm getting at.

I'm going to try to upload the 2 minute 7 second video as an MPEG4 ("mp4") .m4v file (24.9), as a QuickTime .mov file (73MB), and as a DivX .divx file (17.4MB) [nope, Switchpod won't upload divx files]. Despite the difference in file sizes, and even with a less blurred image, image quality is comparable (I think).

Notes/corrections to the voiceover (Nope, not doing that voiceover again!)

- Aspect ratio is not the "shape of the screen", it's the shape of the video's viewable area and defines the proportions of people and things in the video - "the ratio of the width to the height of the image", (my computer's Dictionary, Version 2.0.2 (51.4).

- You choose bits of video clips using the mouse to move the cursor/arrow/pointer, and left click (and hold, i.e. keep button pressed) to indicate the start of your selection and drag the cursor to the end of your selected (bit of) clip where you indicate the end by lifting your finger off the left mouse button. The yellow outline shows what you've selected. You then left click and hold anywhere within the yellow area and drag the clip to the Project area.

You may notice that while dragging the 2nd clip I dropped it before getting to the project area, and the Source Video area scrolled up. This didn't matter because all I had to do was scroll down again and grab the clip where it was waiting for me (in it's place) exactly as I had selected it.

A point to note here is that you don't actually do anything to the original video; iMovie uses metadata to remember your selections and compile your finished "movie". Your original video always stays safe - unless you choose to delete it.

- As you move the cursor over the thumbnails the Viewer (in the top right-hand corner) shows what the cursor is moving over, at the speed the cursor is moving and in the direction the cursor is moving. As this happens you can listen to the soundtrack as well or have it turned off if you prefer. This is a great feature that lets you quickly search through your video at the speed you want, in the direction you want, stopping whenever and skipping huge sections if you like, with the Viewer always showing the bit/instant of video that the cursor is over.

http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

CA4.1 - notes for my initial group input

17 Oct 2008, 10:40

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 17 Oct 2008, 10:52

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Point 1 of the CA4.1 instructions/brief states, "Form small groups of about four to six students. Use the course forum or the course wiki to compare multimedia skills amongst the group members, and to find out who is in a position to offer help."

- In two forum messages (see highlighted text in messages below) I pointed out that I have a limited amount of experience creating and manipulating audio and video. I have mainly used Apple/Mac computers and free (Mac) compatible software. This means that my experiences may not be of direct use to others who are pc/Windows users. I did try (and will continue to endeavor) to give general advice and suggestions in any areas I can help. And by the way, I think all - or nearly all - of the free software I mention has Windows versions.

Point 3 of the CA4.1 instructions/brief states, "Read the Penn State material on what constitutes evidence of learning and contribute to a discussion in your tutor group about this, both your own learning and that of your students (if you have them)."

- I read the Penn State material. It gives basic, though (still) useful, advice on what type of files to use in a (Penn state) eportfolio:

.pdf files
- Portable Document File (PDF - not to be confused with Personal Development File, also shortened to PDF in some papers). Using a pdf helps ensure that the viewer of a document will see it as the creator of the document intended; e.g. formatting issues will not arise. The Penn State material seems to suggest that in order to create, read/view, print or store pdfs one needs Adobe software. Though Adobe continues to be a (the?) leading pdf developer, there are many software developers that offer pdf tools. Adobe and others offer free basic versions of pdf software. However the ideal pdf tool for each individual can only be found after trailing various options. I normally use Mac's own pdf solution, Preview, to read most pdfs, although I do have the latest Adobe reader installed. I also have the free pdf annotator, Skim, installed and use it as a very flexible solution for adding notes to/highlight/underline/etc pdfs.

Publishing images to the web
- The Penn State paper notes that web browsers handle GIF and JPEG images well (this information may be outdated - are there other equally good/better file formats?) and details the main differences between GIF and JPEG image files. I've never published images to the web but I have edited images, again, mainly on my Mac (using iPhoto). Usually I have never done more than crop images or perform some basic enhancement (straighten, adjust brightness or contrast, etc.). Also, I've always worked with jpg files (on my Mac "JPEG" is called "jpg"), or converted files to jpg for ease of use/compatiblity with Windows users, e.g. my screen grab/screen dump/screenshot application/software produces TIFF files. I've never really worked with image metadata (e.g. the date a photo was taken; the camera used; the settings used) - largely because importing images (e.g. my digital photos) directly into iPhoto causes iPhoto to handle metadata in the background and display more-user-friendly "tags" - and as long as I can view a photo I'm not that fussed about the image quality.
- I've used iPhoto to create digital photo-books of still images that can be presented as a slide-show with the optional incorporation of the optical sensation of movement (i.e. a video compilation of still images that uses the Ken Burns Effect to give the sensation of movement/video - "give life to still photographs by slowly zooming in on subjects of interest and panning from one subject to another", Wikipedia).

Sound as evidence
- The Penn State paper gives ideas for using sound as evidence, from simply recording an event, to linking to an audio file, to embedding sound into a webpage. Using Mac's GarageBand software - according to the blurb, Mac's "personal recording studio" application - I could record/compose/compile music, podcasts or sound effects. I've never really used it for more than an hour or two when getting my hands on a new mac (I have 3 now), and then I hide the application away never to be seen again. I could dig it out but I seem to remember that it looked quite complicated (though it's probably not if I understood a little about making music) and I think I'd prefer to use my video application, iMovie, to replace the sound track to videos or superimpose sounds or add a voiceover.
- Linking the H808 podcast was the first audio linking I've ever done, and I've never embedded anything into a webpage.
- There's free audio conversion software called Switch that I've used in the past to convert music videos (mp4 and WMV (Windows Media Video file)) to mp3. It can convert loads of other file types as well.

Video as evidence
- The paper gives basic information on making video clips. It actually mentions iMovie as an application to use. I have used iMovie to edit video and extract still images from video. Some months ago I imported AVI video taken by my father's JVC cam into iMovie, but for some reason the sound was lost. Later I learnt to strip the audio from a copy of the original video clip using Switch and added the sound track to the video using iMovie. Currently I use iMovie to edit short video clips of my baby daughter, captured using a Canon digital camera with SD card storage. The camera produces .MOD files which I used to convert to .AVI files by simply replacing the file extension (i.e. delete "MOD" in the file name and write "AVI" in its place), then I could view the files using VLC, but with no sound. I later learned to upload the MOD files directly into iMovie which converts the video into a QuickTime Movie (.MOV file). The problem with the MOV file is that it's quite large, and I can't view MOV files on my mp4 player. So I learnt to use DivX Converter to make smaller files that are viewable on my mp4 player. By "learning to use DivX Converter" I mean that I "dropped" a MOV file in the DivX Converter window and sometime later out popped the converted file.



---------------------------------

From: Jose Martel Penate 16 October 2008 15:22:26
Subject: My podcast
To: H808 08I Tech and Skills

Hi all,

I've shared 24 seconds of video (a podcast) of my little baby daughter. The video should be viewable on Windows iTunes. If you don't have iTunes then you could try downloading a great free media player called VLC. It will play most formats you're likely to come across (http://www.videolan.org/vlc/).

By the way, it took me 10 minutes to put together the video. That includes selecting the material, editing it and uploading it.

My podcast url: http://media.switchpod.com//users/jm4298/forH808podcast.m4v
Or the "feed" : http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

Jose



-------------------------------



From: Jose Martel Penate 17 October 2008 02:59:51
Subject: Reply to Keely & Nigel S re my podcast
To: H808 08I Tech and Skills

Hi Keely and Nigel,

Thanks, my little baby daughter is lovely!

Yes, there is sound Nigel, you may have to turn the volume up on your player/computer - though you don't hear my daughter laugh (and she squeals or shrieks more than laughs at the moment), you'll only her mother making silly sounds for our daughter's amusement.

I would love to be able to offer you (all) some advice with this but I'm little more than a semi-experienced user myself. The great benefit that I have is that I'm using a Mac computer. Part of the basic software package that come with a Mac are sound and video editing programs. These programs are very intuitive for basic functions, and with the more advanced functions users can put together a music album or a full-length feature film.

All I can say is that Weller's instructions ("Create a podcast" at http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/resourcepage/view.php?id=90977&direct=1) for making an audio-podcast seem overly complex - of course this in order to try to help the very inexperienced student. But in essence - and while still holding out for confirmation from Helen - (I think) all you need to do is make an mp3 sound file.

This would mean that you make a recording and if it's not an mp3 file you convert it to mp3 using one of the many popular and free audio conversion programs. I often use Softpedia to find free software (http://www.softpedia.com/). Softpedia have different areas for Mac, Windows and Linux. I tend to go for software that has been downloaded by many people over a number of months - I also might do a google search to see what user reviews I might find - these steps are intended to try to filter out buggy software and select something that works and is useful. Once you have the mp3 file you upload it to Switchpod.

For the video-podcast, I used my Mac's iMovie application/software. I clicked to start a New Project and selected the 4:3 aspect ratio for the finished video (other viewing ratios are mobile phone (3:2) and widescreen (16:9)). I selected 1 clip from video I already had and put it into the New Project area. I selected another clip and placed it next to the 1st clip. I named my project and exported it (made it into a file I could email) as a medium sized video (viewing area of 640x480 pixel resolution) suitable for viewing on computers and that still has a smaller file size (4.8MB). I then I uploaded the file to Switchpod.

On the Mac it's all very easy, but you're using pcs with Windows.

If you do try to experiment with video, I'd suggest:

- never use an original valuable source/file, always use copies to play around on

- don't worry about content, just try to learn how to do it

- keep file sizes small! ("Small means quick": quicker response from your computer - less time waiting for processes to get done; shorter upload/download times; etc) Especially for experimenting, make short videos that have a small viewing area (see above), and opt for lower quality resolution if you know how (the lower the resolution, the smaller the file size)

- if you don't have a video camera (remember that digital (still photo) cameras can often take short videos) but do have editing software you could try experimenting with the demo video that the software may have. Or you could try downloading video from the web to mess around with (remember to scan with up to date anti-virus protection) - that video may be copy/edit protected though so perhaps search for/google non-comercial, everyday people's home videos (but remember copyright issues when linking to the OU). Your mobile phone might also have a video camera, but unless you already know how to download the movie files to your pc (and can convert the files if necessary) this option may not be worth the bother.

- I've used DivX in the past. It's a set of popular editing/conversion/player tools (http://www.divx.com/divx/windows/). Basic functionality is free: you can convert various video formats to DivX - a good quality but (relatively very) small file size. The DivX developers agree that software should be easy to use, so check it out if you have no editing solution that you're happy with at the moment.

Jose

My H808 podcast [CA4.1]

17 Oct 2008, 10:33

Visible to all Open University users

Jose's podcast

I've shared 24 seconds of video (a podcast) of my little baby daughter. The video should be viewable on Windows iTunes. If you don't have iTunes then you could try downloading a great free media player called VLC. It will play most formats you're likely to come across (http://www.videolan.org/vlc/).

http://media.switchpod.com//users/jm4298/forH808podcast.m4v

http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

-----------------------------------------------------------

My reply to Mitchell re his CA2.4 Critique Penn State

4 Oct 2008, 23:03

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From: Jose Martel Penate 4 October 2008 22:50:25
Subject: Re: CA 2.4 Critique of Penn State Advice
To: H808 ac6 UNIT 2

Hi Mitchell,

In reply to your Critique of Penn State Advice (Stan, 2008), both Hurren (2008) and this writer (Martel, 2008) would agree with your affirmation that the Penn State documents (PSU, 2006) leave room for improvement, especially given the target reader, as you point out.

You suggest incorporating "more fully developed samples of ineffective and effective writing", as in Moon 2001. However, in Martel 2008, I question the effectiveness of including too much information. The Advice Penn State offers is already spread across at least 5 pages. I suggest that extending the advice much further - or incorporating much more information - may adversely affect the probability that students will try to fully assimilate that advice. Might not many pages of detailed information and more lengthy extracts of reflective writing simply scare, bore or even confuse these young, inexperienced and possibly unenthusiastic students?

Jose



References

Hurren, C.A. (02 October 2008 22:53:44); "Core activity 2.4: Criteria for reflective writing"; Message to Forum H808 ac6 UNIT 2 (accessed 03 October 2008)

Martel Penate, J (04 October 2008 08:53:30) "CA2.4-Critique Penn State Approach" Message to Forum H808 ac6 UNIT 2 (accessed 05 October 2008)

Moon, J. (2001) ‘PDP working paper 4: reflection in higher education learning’ [online], The Higher Education Academy. Available from: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/resources/resourcedatabase/id72_Reflection_in_Higher_Education_Learning.rtf (accessed 29 June 2007)

Penn State University (PSU) (2006) REFLECT: providing insight, http://portfolio.psu.edu/reflect (accessed 1 July 2008)

Stan, M. (04 October 2008 18:51:45),CA 2.4 Critique of Penn State Advice", Message to Forum H808 ac6 UNIT 2 (Accessed 05 October 2008)


Mitchell Stan writes:
While the Penn State advice on reflective writing is a workable introduction to the topic, in my view there is room for improvement. Given that the target audience would largely consist of young adults with very little experience in carrying out this type of task, more fully developed samples of ineffective and effective writing would be beneficial. As Moon (2001) points out “not all students find reflection easy” and Appendix 2 of her article is an excellent example of the type of demonstration of reflective writing that would greatly assist students. Linking the reflective writing steps provided by Penn State to the process undertaken to write this type of example would definitely make them more concrete to students.

Reference
Moon, J. (2001) ‘PDP working paper 4: reflection in higher education learning’ [online], The Higher Education Academy. Available from: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/resources/resourcedatabase/
id72_Reflection_in_Higher_Education_Learning.rtf (accessed 29 June 2007).





---------------

:) :) :) I'm up to date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

4 Oct 2008, 12:14

Visible to all Open University users

:) :) :) I'm up to date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

I'm finally up to date!!!
I've been pushing myself really hard and finally I got there!

My only concern is that my retention and reflection is poor (and thus the execution of the CAs). I'll see if I can review the material again soon to try to remedy that.

But,...I'M UP TO DATE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Very happy I've got here. Maybe tomorrow I can rest a bit... :)

CA2.4-Criteria for reflective writing

[<-- Click on the image to enlarge in the same window, then use the browser "back" button. Or open in separate tab or window]

4 Oct 2008, 11:54

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Jose Martel-H808-CA2.4-Criteria for reflective writing

-In good reflective writing you need to describe what happened/what the issue was AND THEN write down HOW that made you feel (i.e. your reflections):

- Description provides context

- Reflections share meaning (PSU, 2006).

- Try to work systematically:

- chose what you want to reflect on

- write:

- what happened, try to keep to the facts, be precise (include enough detail)

- how you felt about this

- about the various things this could mean, to you, and to others

- what the consequences are, immediate and future

- as you write:

- ask yourself questions

- answer those questions

- try to see things from

- a different point of view

- the point of view of other people involved

- think about how past events may have influenced

- what happened

- your reactions to it

- other peoples' reactions to it

- compare these with your own reactions

- perhaps

- initially

- consider the details, the "small picture"

- then

- stand back, consider the "big picture"

- think about

- what you can learn from

- what happened

- your ongoing reflections

- what conclusions you can draw

- and the reasons why

- specific evidence

- to validate your conclusions

- already in your eportfolio (or that could be included)

- be honest

- tell the truth as you

- see it

- feel it

- try not to censor yourself

- be creative when looking for alternative solutions

- brainstorm; mind-map, etc.

- but don't be too fanciful with the results

- use

- an honest, upbeat, sincere tone

- short paragraphs starting with

- topic sentences, e.g.

- "From Jack's point of view nothing had changed."

- "The next day, I tried again."

- "Despite their assurances, nothing was the same any more."

- transition words, e.g.

- Besides; For example; Since; Thus; In order to; However; Overall (Moon, 2001; PSU, 2006)

References

Moon, J. (2001) ‘PDP working paper 4: reflection in higher education learning’ [online], The Higher Education Academy. Available from: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/resources/resourcedatabase/id72_Reflection_in_Higher_Education_Learning.rtf (accessed 29 June 2007).

Penn State University (PSU) (2006) REFLECT: providing insight, http://portfolio.psu.edu/reflect (accessed 1 July 2008).

Jose Martel-H808-CA2.3-Reflection and learning-FINAL DRAFT

4 Oct 2008, 07:00

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Jose Martel-H808-CA2.3-Reflection and learning

Oh dear, I have been pushing myself quite hard in an effort to catch up and be in a position to interact (in a timely manner) on the forums. But that has meant - as Agatha Christie's well known Belgium detective, Hercule Poirot, may have put it, "Mon amie, ze leetel graie cells, zay are in need of ze taim to cogitet!". Reflection benefits greatly from time (Moon, 2001); are we - paradoxically - learning quick time the virtues of careful reflection?

- Moon (2001) affirms that when it is assumed "that reflection has a valuable role to play in higher education", the curriculum designer should have a clear understanding of the desired reflective outcomes and how those outcomes should be brought about; this is especially so if the reflective activity is to be assessed. Moon comments that reflective learning has found particularly strong support in professional-education and development.

- I think it is common knowledge that some people (e.g. both teachers and students) are better at reflection than others (Moon, 2001). I take this to mean that the perception of a problem (on which to reflect) can be different from person to person. Some people perceive a particular problem and immediately "see" the solution - with no laboured reflection - while other people - with reference to the same problem - may need guidance and time to reflect. Moon (2001) points out that there are different types of reflection that may be more or less effective when applied to different situations. Within our learning context an "academic" reflective style - characterised by a higher level of structure, formality and depth - is the most suitable. This depth of reflection is enhanced when reflective dialogue and feedback is maintained between students, and students and teachers.

After reading Moon (2001) I now have a greater store of reflective techniques I can apply to situations or problems that arise. Both in a learning or a professional context, I would imagine that I would try to use techniques that seem/are most suitable. As to whether there is a qualitative difference between reflecting on professional practice and reflecting on learning, perhaps a difference could stem from the importance one ascribes to each reflective event.

- At the moment I type this, I think that writing may be the most practical way to reflect (and communicate reflection) on this course. Unless one is proficient in the use of the various electronic media that could be used (recording/editing/conversion/storage devices and types of image/sound/data files) then valuable time could be wasted in trying to produce reflections of a similar calibre to that which could be more immediately/readily produced via a pen and paper or keyboard. Of course, as already mentioned above, Moon (2001) indicates, that the time spent on the reflective activity is, itself, of great value, and so using unfamiliar media/devices can help provide the time factor - and also a new range of tools - with which to interact with/tackle the subject of our reflection. New/different tools can provide new/different approaches and insights, furthering and deepening our reflection. However, when time is a major constraint, one may opt for the familiarity and immediacy of text, eschewing the uncertainty of learning to use a new media sufficiently well (in the given time) to develop reflections of worth. Another concern that comes to mind is that other possible forms of recording reflection (camera, video, sound) are so, or too, immediate and perhaps not expressive or precise enough or lack a common language with which to guarantee communication of a particular reflection. The saying goes, "A picture is worth a thousand words", but can that apply to our postgraduate learning context where lack of time for reflection (and to prepare for reflection) is an important factor? The "picture" in question would need to be loaded with so much (viewer-perceptable) value that its conception and realisation could take substantially more time than simply sitting down at one's table to write. In an ideal world would I prefer to experiment with multimedia?...Yes. But the realities of my world are such that I think I may not venture far from the tried and trusted.

The above notwithstanding, I hope that the Open University (OU) eportfolio "MyStuff" will prove to be a valuable resource for providing structure to the powers of reflection I have developed over the years, as well as to help produce alternative reflections to those that I may now take for granted.

In my opinion, the OU's Blog and Wiki could be valuable community platforms and resources, but I think the nature of study in the OU may limit their effectiveness beyond the minimum course requirement for use and interaction. At the moment I feel that the OU Forums are the only place with the sufficient sense of community for effective, reflective interaction to occur.


References:

Moon, J. (2001) ‘PDP working paper 4: reflection in higher education learning’ [online], The Higher Education Academy. Available from:
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/resources/resourcedatabase/id72_Reflection_in_Higher_Education_Learning.rtf (accessed 29 June 2007).

CA2.1-Applications of eportfolios

2 Oct 2008, 23:33

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Page 1 of 3http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/resourcepage/view.php?id=90944

1. Read at least three of the papers listed in the resources section below.
Alternatively, find other case studies on the web that reflect your particular
interests. Consider the following issues:
a. Are eportfolios fulfilling a genuine need or are they just the latest fad?
b. Is personal development planning (PDP) different for students than for staff?
c. Of the various aspects of eportfolio use (e.g. collecting material,
providing evidence for learning, reflection on learning, presentation of
learning), which do the case studies exemplify?

-After (finally) finishing the essay, I reread the brief and noticed I hadn't really addressed b, or c at all. In fact I find it hard to answer c coz don't all eoportfolios have all those aspects? Though I suppose some acounts may emphasise some aspects more than others.

-Btw, I use "eportfolio" in the sense that it's an electronic portfolio, used for PDP/CPD, that is web based.

-Yes, I didn't put the ref list at the end...

-------------------------

Jose Martel-CA2.1-Applications of eportfolios
542 words (below)

If eportfolios are to be used for life-long learning and not be more than an expensive fad - expensive financially and, I think more importantly, costly in terms of wasted opportunity for all stakeholders - then a number of critical issues must be addressed.

There are technological issues. Effective implementation and integration of the eportfolio project within existing systems must be ensured. The various eportfolio platforms that arise must be interoperable, with data file technology used in current eportfolios not becoming obsolete. The ease and range of manipulation of this data (and meta data) is essential for enduser acceptance and institutional or corporate assessment and developmental needs (Batson, 2002; Jafari 2004).

Whether the costly technological issues can be addressed may be related to the implementation of a sound business plan to safeguard the continued existence, maintenance and development of the eportfolio platform. This business plan and platform may envisage, promote and depend on the enduser's desire for, and ability to easily and cost effectively maintain, lifelong affiliation with a particular eportfolio/institution. In return for lifelong endorsement, the enduser must receive an attractive package of benefits which could include (the benefits derived from the) use of the institution's name and artifact authentication (Jafari, 2004).

Aside from technological and business related issues, there are academic or pedagogic concerns. There are signs that a cultural change is needed in teachers' rather negative attitudes towards the concept of reflection, and their current unwillingness to reflect on their own practice and develop it - an issue related to excellence in teaching and Continuing Professional Development (CPD). A teacher's self-reflection and professional development (through the use of CPD and Teaching ePortfolios) can form a crucial model of good practice for a student's own reflective and developmental behaviour, greatly influencing the student's Personal Development Planing (PDP) (Stefani, 2005). The cultural shift in teachers' attitudes to reflection can be accomplished over a number of years as the 5 levels of maturation required for effective implementation of eportfolios are gradually achieved, maintained and surpassed until the final level is attained. This final level would be marked by the use of "authentic evidence as authoritative evidence for assessment, evaluation, and reporting" within the eportfolio, which is largely constructed employing the student's heuristic processes, and which would be "of high value for students, educators, and employers" (Love, et al. 2004).

Despite the apparent overwhelming acceptance of the need for PDP, CPD and eportfolios, concerns have been raised that there is a lack of evidence to support the claims that eportfolios support and enhance student learning and promote reflection on learning (Stefani, 2005). Further, appropriately documented studies, and time will tell.


As to eportfolio aspects that the case studies I looked at exemplify, the account of the University of Auckland's eportfolio project (Stefani, 2005) seems to stress the initial importance of the eportfolio as repository, while emphasizing that manipulation of the data/succesive versions of (the same) artifacts can demonstrate reflection and improvement over time.

The account of the California Lutheran University’s School of Education's eportfolio project (Love, et al. 2004) seemed to stress the effectiveness of working through the levels of maturation, and comments on how that gradual implementation aided its implementation by permitting the qualitative changes in faculty reflection so necessary for student progress.

Thankfully still pre-Gattaca - a reply to a forum post

29 Sep 2008, 03:08

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 29 Sep 2008, 03:40

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A reply to the post by:
From: Philippa Perry 2 28 September 2008 15:39:44
Subject: ePortfolio focus
To: H808 ac6 UNIT 2


Hi Philippa (and the rest of the group),

I've also been looking or hoping for more balance in our reading, so I'm glad to find your reasoned, "sceptical" point of view.

From my non-techie standpoint, I'm not concerned about problems of interoperability. To me it seems to make financial sense for major platform developers to work towards industry standards, though this may not prevent niche-market technology having compatibility issues. I'd agree with Jafari (2004) in saying that the main (technological) issue is ensuring that the eportfolio interface is one that the average enduser will want to use. This means complete integration with other school/university/company systems; transferability of data; and perhaps lifelong accessibility, among others.

An interesting and, I think, important point you've raised - one that I haven't come across in my (limited) reading, or even really thought about - is that of the effectiveness of the eportfolio as a recruiting tool. I had wondered about issues of artifact authenticity - which could be met with a lifelong university eportfolio address (Jafari 2004), but what happens when a student does a Masters or PHD at a different university or when the student enters employment, will they need a different eportfolio address, and different eportpolios, for each institution/company, thus defeating the ideal of a centralised repository of information? However, you focus on the employer's need to find truth/specific answers/the real warts and all underbelly amongst all the lies(?) and disinformation/prepared responses/dazzling presentations that most potential employees will attempt to fabricate.

I'm still unsure how eportfolios will prove to be more useful to most employers. Right now CVs can be 2 or 3 A4 pages long plus cover letter, and employers may receive tens even hundreds of CVs for each post. How much time would the employer/HR department give each CV? How much time would the employer/HR department want to give each CV!? Now, how much time would that employer/HR department need to invest in order to examine each creative, wonderfully presented, multimedia eportfolio? Could the employer/HR department be sure that time invested would produce sufficient/worthwhile returns?

Perhaps this problem may lead to the development of eportfolio scanning technology that can, in fractions of a second, automatically select a manageable shortlist of candidates' eportfolio applications - from a possibly huge and impossibly time-consuming list - thus selecting, and more worryingly, rejecting candidates without a human ever viewing their meticulously complied life story.

I think there is a general consensus that eportfolios can be an invaluable aid to learning, but perhaps HR departments may still favour CVs for most work placements. At least until efficient, cost-effective, eportfolio scanning technology comes on the market...or DNA testing becomes legal.

Jose