Reflections while doing CA10.1 (partial)

I found this activity very interesting and even exciting as I could relate and even envisage using/trying to use wikis in my own professional context. This could radically change how I teach (or one aspect of it). I need to reflect further on how I can best apply wikis and other technology (pod/videocasts, blogs, mobile phones, etc.) to my teaching context/my students' learning context.

There were various links I found interesting and useful (see below).

There was a paper on using games in education. I already know that perhaps 80% of my male students and 50% of my female students play computer games regularly or daily. Finding an interesting/attractive way of putting those gaming skills/skills used in gaming to use as a means of enhancing their English speaking skills would be a good way of centering learning on the students and not vice versa. But I can't find it now - maybe it was one I read for Unit 9 (blogs)??

Writing this I now realise I forgot to include in the briefing document that wikis can appeal to the students' "digital native" character. Though I feel it's not wise to presume that my Chinese students (of around 20 years of age) are the same as US or UK students. My students have lived their entire lives in the highly developed city of Shanghai and have many of the latest gadgets and seem interested in the latest fads, but I should be cautious when adapting western studies to an asian environment. Which is something I've already learnt the hard way when trying to apply a more interactive/communicative/student-centred style of teaching to my lessons.


References
Ferris, S. and Wilder, H. (2006) ‘Uses and potentials of wikis in the classroom’, Innovate, vol. 2, no. 5. [Online], Available from: http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=258 (Accessed 11 January 2009).

http://educationalwikis.wikispaces.com/Articles+and+Resources

Lamb, B. (2004) ‘Wide open space: wikis, ready or not’, Educause Review, vol. 39, no. 5
(September/October), pp. 36–48. [Online], Available from:
http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0452.asp (Accessed 11 January 2009).

Prensky, M. 2001. Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon 9 (5).
http://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf. (accessed 11 January 2009).

TeachersFirst (2006-2008) 'Index' http://www.teachersfirst.com/index.cfm

CA10.1- Putting knowledge into practice

So, explain to other English teachers:

- What are wikis?
- How can wikis be used in teaching English as a foreign language?
- What the teachers would need to do technically?
----------- to set one up
----------- to keep it working


What are wikis?
"Wikis are collaborative Web-based sites with "open editing." That is, the information on a wiki can be edited by any and all users. Once users visit wikis,they can read and, if they wish, edit or change the text by using a Web-browser to re-write, re-organize, or update the structure and content of the site. In wikis, readers are writers, and readers and writers jointly form a community of collaboration. Wikis can best be seen in action through the very popular Wikipedia [http://www.wikipedia.org/] and Wiktionary [http://wiktionary.org/]." (Ferris and Wilder, 2006, pp 2-3). If you haven't seen/experienced a wiki I suggest you take a look at Wikipedia before going on.

So, generally speaking, anyone can enter text onto a wiki page, edit any text, or create new pages and new hyperlinks. However, as you'll be using the wiki for class, you will probably want your wiki to have certain restrictions. You can make yourself the administrator/moderator/chief editor and "lock" certain pages that you want to be always visible and free from changes/edits. You can also specify and control who has access to the wiki. You can give all students in a class unique passwords so that additions and changes can be tracked. This can encourage students as they have (a kind of) proven ownership of their work. Or you could give the same password to all the students, but then you can't track changes by student. This may help encourage proactivity in the Chinese classroom with less outgoing students who may not participate for fear of making a mistake and being seen to lose face. However, this option also leaves more room for vandalism.

Wikis are simple to use because if you know how to use Word you can use a wiki. Students may need to learn a few more simple things, but the wiki itself will explain them and they can practice them straightaway without fear of ruining the wiki because another important point is that wikis are easily reversible. With this I mean that wikis automatically keep a history of changes so that things can easily be put back the way they were. This encourages bolder editing as any mistakes/changes of mind can be rectified straightaway or months later. It also helps discourage vandalism.

In case anyone asks, the word "wiki" was "coined by programmer Ward Cunningham (1949- ), from Hawaiian wiki-wiki ‘quick-quick.’" (Apple, 2009)

How can wikis be used in teaching English as a foreign language in China?
Obviously, as wikis are text based they lend themselves more readily to the skills of reading and writing. However, listening and speaking skills can be directly enhanced as wiki pages can have podcasts or videocasts embedded into them which students could listen to and watch, or even produce. Another important aspect is the sense of community collaboration/community learning that the wiki foments. Conversational English students could be assigned written wiki projects to complete together that they can later comment on/discuss (orally) in class. Thus the wiki would help provide a real reason to use English, while its asynchronous, online nature would tackle the typical excuse students use that they could never find time to get together to collaborate.

A wiki can encourage peer teaching/learning/support in that one student's text can be edited/corrected by other students. However, in a Chinese context this aspect of wikis needs to be carefully considered before being used - and I'm not even sure that many Chinese students would (initially) publicly want to correct other students for fear of shaming them. But I think that the idea of collective-ownership of work with all contributors being able to unilaterally edit fellow students' work can be a valuable life-experience for many Chinese students. Chinese students nowadays may suffer from "little-emperor syndrome", a direct consequence of the one-child policy. This condition manifests itself in arrogance, ego-centricity, and general anti-social behaviours - none of which are traits that western companies generally look for in their employees. This is a concern, because more than half of my students at this university state that they wish to work for a western company. So the lessons in teamwork, group goal over personal gain and initiative/proactivity can be far reaching. Though, for any lessons to be learnt, the students need to take an active interest in their contributions and what happens to them, which is something not always easy to achieve in a conversational English class taught by a foreigner in China. But as Clay Shirky observes: "A wiki in the hands of a healthy community works. A wiki in the hands of an indifferent community fails" (quoted in Lamb, 2004).

Archives of constantly updated information, relevant to the students and subject, can be created. Once a supportive environment has been established, students can share their knowledge and find out how teaching helps learning (or at least how organising/reflecting on one's thoughts helps deeper understanding).

Of course, the class wiki can lead to inter-class wikis if other English teachers are happy with the idea. I have no idea how inter-school or inter-country wikis would be viewed by students or school administration.

Separate areas of the wiki (or separate wikis) could be set up for certain students to collaborate on in private for debate or presentation projects for example.


What the teachers would need to do technically? - to set one up - to keep it working
When thinking about choosing a wiki, there "is no unified set of software characteristics that are shared by all wikis. The dozens of prominent wiki engines freely available for download on the Internet vary in approaches, programming languages, and architectures. Technical quirks of wiki systems, indicative of the often anarchic programming communities that have developed them, need to be considered before choosing a system" (Lamb, 2004).

Of course it goes without saying that the wiki should be set up and maintained at no financial cost (to you or the school). This means you need to set up a free wiki that can be password protected.

Working at a university in China means that certain western considerations may not be necessarily applicable. In the west, one might be well advised to first seek administrative approval and learn what the policy is on posting student information (names, photos, etc) on the internet is, and perhaps parent permission should also be sought (teachersfirst, 2009).

However, in China, two things advise against troubling school administration with such considerations. One is that the average foreign English teacher is merely tolerated (as a legal requirement for the teaching of English) and not actually expected or encouraged to go to great lengths to improve his/her students' level of English. Actively pointing out how teaching may be improved could be badly received as it could be understood as a criticism of current teaching methods. In order to save face the administration may resort to actively ignoring any requests to change teaching methodology. Absence of response may also be designed to save face for the foreign teacher as, in Chinese eyes, having their request denied would make the teacher lose face. Another complication would be that the school administration may agree to implement the use of wikis but actually do nothing about it. This again may be designed to save face for the teacher, and in Chinese eyes may not be considered misleading, a trick or deceitful in any way.

Another reason not to trouble school administration is that personal information doesn't seem to be as highly protected in China. A foreigner will find that without permission their personal details are passed on to 3rd parties if asked for and companies never heard of will send him/her letters, emails, sms and call at any time of the day or night. I would simply advise the teacher to set up a wiki that is password protected for viewing and editing. As for parental permission, I think parents may not understand why permission is being asked. Parents will agree to their son/daughter using a wiki provided you claim it's good for their child, and the child passes their oral English exams - which in China very rarely doesn't happen. It will be up to the teacher to try to make sure the student actually deserves their pass mark and makes the most of their wiki experience.

If school administration hears about the wiki, and takes an interest in it, you can give them a password that allows them to view the wiki. If they actually view the wiki and do see anything they don't like - which would probably be open, moderate to severe criticism of the school, China or its policies - then you could be fired, the police informed of your actions, you could be detained and then deported. If you're unsure of what you shouldn't discuss with students (and in many cases, teachers) then do an internet search.

Try to involve students in creating the editing policies/rules for the wiki. The greater their involvement in creating the wiki environment, the more likely they will follow those rules and participate in general. See http://www.teachersfirst.com/content/wiki/wikistep1.cfm for some ideas for polices.

Perhaps try to use the wiki as a shared English environment that students (don't have in real-life but) can experience, and refer to in discussions in class. However, the teacher should be cautious when intervening in the construction of this environment as to " truly empower students within collaborative or coconstructed activities requires the teacher to relinquish some degree of control over those activities. The instructor’s role shifts to that of establishing contexts or setting up problems to engage students. In a wiki, the instructor may set the stage or initiate interactions, but the medium works most effectively when students can assert meaningful autonomy over the process. It’s not that authority can’t be imposed on a wiki, but doing so undermines the effectiveness of the tool" (Lamb, 2004).


References
Apple Inc., (2005-2007) Apple Dictionary Version 1.0.2 (Accessed 11 January 2009).

Ferris, S. and Wilder, H. (2006) ‘Uses and potentials of wikis in the classroom’, Innovate, vol. 2, no. 5. [Online], Available from: http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?
view=article&id=258 (Accessed 11 January 2009).

Lamb, B. (2004) ‘Wide open space: wikis, ready or not’, Educause Review, vol. 39, no. 5
(September/October), pp. 36–48. [Online], Available from:
http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm04/erm0452.asp (Accessed 11 January 2009).

TeachersFirst (2006-2008) 'Index' http://www.teachersfirst.com/index.cfm

When the impossible's finally impossible, you can actually get down to what's doable

Everything's working today and is fast, even Mystuff and the wiki and my OU blog! (But the OU blog is still kaput - I'm sticking with the Blogger blog).

I got my results back for TMA02. I got a pleasing 72%. For TMA01 I got 73% so that makes 36.16% of the final score according to my calculations:

73% --> 16/100 x 73 = 11.68

72% --> 34/100 x 72 = 24.48

and 11.69 + 24.48 = 36.16% of the final score

So, to get a distinction, in the ECA I would need to get 97.68% (!!!) which (thankfully) isn't going to happen even in my wildest dreams, so I can simply focus on trying to ensure I get a pass (40%) and then anything over that is a plus. Actually knowing I can't attain the impossible lets me calmly work on what is achievable.

85% - 36.16% = 48.84% --> 50/100 x 97.68 = 48.84

To pass the course I need to get at least 40% in the ECA.
So that means that the minimum I can get (if I pass) is 56.16%

50/100 x 40 = 20% of the final score (and 36.16 + 20 = 56.16)

Hmmmm, I wonder if it's noticeable that I'm not feeling stressed out at the moment??

So my blog, wiki and FCC are all working again...

1 January, 08:05

Visible to all Open University users

So my blog, wiki and FCC are all working again...at the moment.
Ah, how did you sort that out?
I logged on a number of times everyday.
But how did that solve the problem?
As far as I know it didn't.
But they're working now!
Yes.
Which is good news?
3 days ago, yes.
But today?
I'm not working on OU stuff today.
Ah...
Yes, ah...
Well maybe tomorrow they'll still be working...
Yes, maybe...

More evidence for SA4.2 - HowTo access/use OU resources when using a Mac

19 Oct 2008, 13:16

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 19 Oct 2008, 13:17

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HowTo access/use OU resources when using a Mac
By Jose Martel Penate H808 081

I'll be giving my personal experiences as an OU student in Shanghai who uses mac computers to access and use OU resources.

First, a bit about my mac setup. When at home, I typically use a Mac Mini bought in 2007, with 2GHz Intel Core 2 Duo processor, and upgraded to 2GB 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM, running OSX Leopard 10.5.5. On my commute to and from work I use an iBook bought in 2002, with a 600MHz PowerPC G3 processor, and upgraded to 640MB SDRAM, running OSX Tiger 10.4.11.

I've designated the iBook as the principal machine where OU work is concerned; it holds the OU working files and folders. When at home I connect the iBook to my ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) via a TL-R402 DSL router. The use of Bonjour simplifies my mac to mac connections and I can then use my Mac Mini to work on the files stored on the iBook - so both machines use the same files. This effectively avoids having to synchronise data (I'm refusing to spend money on a synchronisation solution).

I hold current backup files on both machines in locked folders that I've set Spotlight to ignore. This means that when I do OU related searches the only file/folders searched are the current working OU file/folders on the iBook. I also keep a backup folder of all my OU backups on an external hard drive. When I remember, I also replace the current OU backup folder I keep on my mp4 player (an Archos 604).

I typically use Safari (3.1.2) as my web browser of choice for most things, but for the OU I need to share the workload with Firefox (3.0.3). For simply accessing/reading OU webpages, I'll use Safari, but for editing I'll typically use Firefox. For the blogs - posts and comments - I need to use Firefox or formatting will be ignored. For editing "notes" in MyStuff, I again need to use Firefox because of formatting issues, but to upload files, Safari seems to work better and I recently found out I can write comments while using Safari and formatting is kept intact. For the wiki, it seems that editing can be done from Safari but can't while in Firefox or at least is inconsistent from Firefox. I'm new to the wiki so I haven't had a chance to investigate this further.

Regarding FirstClass, I haven't used their web version since I installed the Mac FirstClass Client (9.106) application in my first week of study. I can't remember much about FC web version, but I know I really didn't like it; it was slow and simply didn't work properly. The desktop version is clearly the superior product and, while not perfect, it is perfectly stable, useful and even has some nice (far more Mac-like than Window-ly) graphics.

Another word about the blogs. I want to browse my fellow students' blogs from time to time, but it's tedious and can be very time consuming having to go to each blog to find out if there have been new postings. So I subscribed to the RSS feeds for each blog. Each blog has a feed for posts and another feed for comments. You need to open the blogs from Safari and click directly on "RSS" (not "Atom" right next to it) - I prefer to right-click to open links in a new tab, but sometimes it seems that these RSS pages only open properly when you left-click directly. When the RSS page opens, left-click on the "Subscribe in Mail" link. If you then go to Mail you'll find an RSS feed that you can rename and that contains the posts or comments of the blog you subscribed to. The blog posts will have the blog poster's name - under the title - when you open each post, but the comments won't tell you where they come from. To find out whose blog the comments belong to you need to click on "Read more..." to be taken to the blog itself, and then rename the feed in Mail. If there is no feed in Mail, check your Mail preferences.

By the way, there is a Mac help website (that I didn't find very helpful). It's at http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stephen.mcgann/index.html . It seems to be more geared toward helping potential students identify which OU courses are mac-compatible. Apart from that, it limits itself to briefly commenting on the mac-compatiblity of various pieces of software that students may or may not need to use. I think the site will only be of any use to someone with little practical experience of using macs. The site doesn't actually give current students of OU courses any advice on day to day issues that arise while doing an OU course using a mac.

Evidence for SA4.2 - A podcast about: HowTo - use iMovie to make a podcast

18 Oct 2008, 10:35

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 18 Oct 2008, 10:59

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A podcast about: HowTo - use iMovie to make a podcast
(Or simply how to edit video simply!) - By Jose Martel Penate

http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

Why do a HowTo use a Mac application when everyone is using pcs/Windows?
Well, I don't have a pc to hand right now, and you can get an idea of the simplicity that characterises Macs.

About the podcast

My voice is quite low in the voiceover, you may need to turn the volume up. I was trying not to wake my daughter who was sleeping in the same room. I also muttered a bit and was a bit nasally - I'm getting a cold. And the blurry image quality, it's not great, but it's good enough to see what I'm getting at.

I'm going to try to upload the 2 minute 7 second video as an MPEG4 ("mp4") .m4v file (24.9), as a QuickTime .mov file (73MB), and as a DivX .divx file (17.4MB) [nope, Switchpod won't upload divx files]. Despite the difference in file sizes, and even with a less blurred image, image quality is comparable (I think).

Notes/corrections to the voiceover (Nope, not doing that voiceover again!)

- Aspect ratio is not the "shape of the screen", it's the shape of the video's viewable area and defines the proportions of people and things in the video - "the ratio of the width to the height of the image", (my computer's Dictionary, Version 2.0.2 (51.4).

- You choose bits of video clips using the mouse to move the cursor/arrow/pointer, and left click (and hold, i.e. keep button pressed) to indicate the start of your selection and drag the cursor to the end of your selected (bit of) clip where you indicate the end by lifting your finger off the left mouse button. The yellow outline shows what you've selected. You then left click and hold anywhere within the yellow area and drag the clip to the Project area.

You may notice that while dragging the 2nd clip I dropped it before getting to the project area, and the Source Video area scrolled up. This didn't matter because all I had to do was scroll down again and grab the clip where it was waiting for me (in it's place) exactly as I had selected it.

A point to note here is that you don't actually do anything to the original video; iMovie uses metadata to remember your selections and compile your finished "movie". Your original video always stays safe - unless you choose to delete it.

- As you move the cursor over the thumbnails the Viewer (in the top right-hand corner) shows what the cursor is moving over, at the speed the cursor is moving and in the direction the cursor is moving. As this happens you can listen to the soundtrack as well or have it turned off if you prefer. This is a great feature that lets you quickly search through your video at the speed you want, in the direction you want, stopping whenever and skipping huge sections if you like, with the Viewer always showing the bit/instant of video that the cursor is over.

http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

CA4.1 - notes for my initial group input

17 Oct 2008, 10:40

Edited by Jose Martel Penate, 17 Oct 2008, 10:52

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Point 1 of the CA4.1 instructions/brief states, "Form small groups of about four to six students. Use the course forum or the course wiki to compare multimedia skills amongst the group members, and to find out who is in a position to offer help."

- In two forum messages (see highlighted text in messages below) I pointed out that I have a limited amount of experience creating and manipulating audio and video. I have mainly used Apple/Mac computers and free (Mac) compatible software. This means that my experiences may not be of direct use to others who are pc/Windows users. I did try (and will continue to endeavor) to give general advice and suggestions in any areas I can help. And by the way, I think all - or nearly all - of the free software I mention has Windows versions.

Point 3 of the CA4.1 instructions/brief states, "Read the Penn State material on what constitutes evidence of learning and contribute to a discussion in your tutor group about this, both your own learning and that of your students (if you have them)."

- I read the Penn State material. It gives basic, though (still) useful, advice on what type of files to use in a (Penn state) eportfolio:

.pdf files
- Portable Document File (PDF - not to be confused with Personal Development File, also shortened to PDF in some papers). Using a pdf helps ensure that the viewer of a document will see it as the creator of the document intended; e.g. formatting issues will not arise. The Penn State material seems to suggest that in order to create, read/view, print or store pdfs one needs Adobe software. Though Adobe continues to be a (the?) leading pdf developer, there are many software developers that offer pdf tools. Adobe and others offer free basic versions of pdf software. However the ideal pdf tool for each individual can only be found after trailing various options. I normally use Mac's own pdf solution, Preview, to read most pdfs, although I do have the latest Adobe reader installed. I also have the free pdf annotator, Skim, installed and use it as a very flexible solution for adding notes to/highlight/underline/etc pdfs.

Publishing images to the web
- The Penn State paper notes that web browsers handle GIF and JPEG images well (this information may be outdated - are there other equally good/better file formats?) and details the main differences between GIF and JPEG image files. I've never published images to the web but I have edited images, again, mainly on my Mac (using iPhoto). Usually I have never done more than crop images or perform some basic enhancement (straighten, adjust brightness or contrast, etc.). Also, I've always worked with jpg files (on my Mac "JPEG" is called "jpg"), or converted files to jpg for ease of use/compatiblity with Windows users, e.g. my screen grab/screen dump/screenshot application/software produces TIFF files. I've never really worked with image metadata (e.g. the date a photo was taken; the camera used; the settings used) - largely because importing images (e.g. my digital photos) directly into iPhoto causes iPhoto to handle metadata in the background and display more-user-friendly "tags" - and as long as I can view a photo I'm not that fussed about the image quality.
- I've used iPhoto to create digital photo-books of still images that can be presented as a slide-show with the optional incorporation of the optical sensation of movement (i.e. a video compilation of still images that uses the Ken Burns Effect to give the sensation of movement/video - "give life to still photographs by slowly zooming in on subjects of interest and panning from one subject to another", Wikipedia).

Sound as evidence
- The Penn State paper gives ideas for using sound as evidence, from simply recording an event, to linking to an audio file, to embedding sound into a webpage. Using Mac's GarageBand software - according to the blurb, Mac's "personal recording studio" application - I could record/compose/compile music, podcasts or sound effects. I've never really used it for more than an hour or two when getting my hands on a new mac (I have 3 now), and then I hide the application away never to be seen again. I could dig it out but I seem to remember that it looked quite complicated (though it's probably not if I understood a little about making music) and I think I'd prefer to use my video application, iMovie, to replace the sound track to videos or superimpose sounds or add a voiceover.
- Linking the H808 podcast was the first audio linking I've ever done, and I've never embedded anything into a webpage.
- There's free audio conversion software called Switch that I've used in the past to convert music videos (mp4 and WMV (Windows Media Video file)) to mp3. It can convert loads of other file types as well.

Video as evidence
- The paper gives basic information on making video clips. It actually mentions iMovie as an application to use. I have used iMovie to edit video and extract still images from video. Some months ago I imported AVI video taken by my father's JVC cam into iMovie, but for some reason the sound was lost. Later I learnt to strip the audio from a copy of the original video clip using Switch and added the sound track to the video using iMovie. Currently I use iMovie to edit short video clips of my baby daughter, captured using a Canon digital camera with SD card storage. The camera produces .MOD files which I used to convert to .AVI files by simply replacing the file extension (i.e. delete "MOD" in the file name and write "AVI" in its place), then I could view the files using VLC, but with no sound. I later learned to upload the MOD files directly into iMovie which converts the video into a QuickTime Movie (.MOV file). The problem with the MOV file is that it's quite large, and I can't view MOV files on my mp4 player. So I learnt to use DivX Converter to make smaller files that are viewable on my mp4 player. By "learning to use DivX Converter" I mean that I "dropped" a MOV file in the DivX Converter window and sometime later out popped the converted file.



---------------------------------

From: Jose Martel Penate 16 October 2008 15:22:26
Subject: My podcast
To: H808 08I Tech and Skills

Hi all,

I've shared 24 seconds of video (a podcast) of my little baby daughter. The video should be viewable on Windows iTunes. If you don't have iTunes then you could try downloading a great free media player called VLC. It will play most formats you're likely to come across (http://www.videolan.org/vlc/).

By the way, it took me 10 minutes to put together the video. That includes selecting the material, editing it and uploading it.

My podcast url: http://media.switchpod.com//users/jm4298/forH808podcast.m4v
Or the "feed" : http://www.switchpod.com/users/jm4298/feed.xml

Jose



-------------------------------



From: Jose Martel Penate 17 October 2008 02:59:51
Subject: Reply to Keely & Nigel S re my podcast
To: H808 08I Tech and Skills

Hi Keely and Nigel,

Thanks, my little baby daughter is lovely!

Yes, there is sound Nigel, you may have to turn the volume up on your player/computer - though you don't hear my daughter laugh (and she squeals or shrieks more than laughs at the moment), you'll only her mother making silly sounds for our daughter's amusement.

I would love to be able to offer you (all) some advice with this but I'm little more than a semi-experienced user myself. The great benefit that I have is that I'm using a Mac computer. Part of the basic software package that come with a Mac are sound and video editing programs. These programs are very intuitive for basic functions, and with the more advanced functions users can put together a music album or a full-length feature film.

All I can say is that Weller's instructions ("Create a podcast" at http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/resourcepage/view.php?id=90977&direct=1) for making an audio-podcast seem overly complex - of course this in order to try to help the very inexperienced student. But in essence - and while still holding out for confirmation from Helen - (I think) all you need to do is make an mp3 sound file.

This would mean that you make a recording and if it's not an mp3 file you convert it to mp3 using one of the many popular and free audio conversion programs. I often use Softpedia to find free software (http://www.softpedia.com/). Softpedia have different areas for Mac, Windows and Linux. I tend to go for software that has been downloaded by many people over a number of months - I also might do a google search to see what user reviews I might find - these steps are intended to try to filter out buggy software and select something that works and is useful. Once you have the mp3 file you upload it to Switchpod.

For the video-podcast, I used my Mac's iMovie application/software. I clicked to start a New Project and selected the 4:3 aspect ratio for the finished video (other viewing ratios are mobile phone (3:2) and widescreen (16:9)). I selected 1 clip from video I already had and put it into the New Project area. I selected another clip and placed it next to the 1st clip. I named my project and exported it (made it into a file I could email) as a medium sized video (viewing area of 640x480 pixel resolution) suitable for viewing on computers and that still has a smaller file size (4.8MB). I then I uploaded the file to Switchpod.

On the Mac it's all very easy, but you're using pcs with Windows.

If you do try to experiment with video, I'd suggest:

- never use an original valuable source/file, always use copies to play around on

- don't worry about content, just try to learn how to do it

- keep file sizes small! ("Small means quick": quicker response from your computer - less time waiting for processes to get done; shorter upload/download times; etc) Especially for experimenting, make short videos that have a small viewing area (see above), and opt for lower quality resolution if you know how (the lower the resolution, the smaller the file size)

- if you don't have a video camera (remember that digital (still photo) cameras can often take short videos) but do have editing software you could try experimenting with the demo video that the software may have. Or you could try downloading video from the web to mess around with (remember to scan with up to date anti-virus protection) - that video may be copy/edit protected though so perhaps search for/google non-comercial, everyday people's home videos (but remember copyright issues when linking to the OU). Your mobile phone might also have a video camera, but unless you already know how to download the movie files to your pc (and can convert the files if necessary) this option may not be worth the bother.

- I've used DivX in the past. It's a set of popular editing/conversion/player tools (http://www.divx.com/divx/windows/). Basic functionality is free: you can convert various video formats to DivX - a good quality but (relatively very) small file size. The DivX developers agree that software should be easy to use, so check it out if you have no editing solution that you're happy with at the moment.

Jose

Jose Martel-H808-CA2.3-Reflection and learning-FINAL DRAFT

4 Oct 2008, 07:00

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Jose Martel-H808-CA2.3-Reflection and learning

Oh dear, I have been pushing myself quite hard in an effort to catch up and be in a position to interact (in a timely manner) on the forums. But that has meant - as Agatha Christie's well known Belgium detective, Hercule Poirot, may have put it, "Mon amie, ze leetel graie cells, zay are in need of ze taim to cogitet!". Reflection benefits greatly from time (Moon, 2001); are we - paradoxically - learning quick time the virtues of careful reflection?

- Moon (2001) affirms that when it is assumed "that reflection has a valuable role to play in higher education", the curriculum designer should have a clear understanding of the desired reflective outcomes and how those outcomes should be brought about; this is especially so if the reflective activity is to be assessed. Moon comments that reflective learning has found particularly strong support in professional-education and development.

- I think it is common knowledge that some people (e.g. both teachers and students) are better at reflection than others (Moon, 2001). I take this to mean that the perception of a problem (on which to reflect) can be different from person to person. Some people perceive a particular problem and immediately "see" the solution - with no laboured reflection - while other people - with reference to the same problem - may need guidance and time to reflect. Moon (2001) points out that there are different types of reflection that may be more or less effective when applied to different situations. Within our learning context an "academic" reflective style - characterised by a higher level of structure, formality and depth - is the most suitable. This depth of reflection is enhanced when reflective dialogue and feedback is maintained between students, and students and teachers.

After reading Moon (2001) I now have a greater store of reflective techniques I can apply to situations or problems that arise. Both in a learning or a professional context, I would imagine that I would try to use techniques that seem/are most suitable. As to whether there is a qualitative difference between reflecting on professional practice and reflecting on learning, perhaps a difference could stem from the importance one ascribes to each reflective event.

- At the moment I type this, I think that writing may be the most practical way to reflect (and communicate reflection) on this course. Unless one is proficient in the use of the various electronic media that could be used (recording/editing/conversion/storage devices and types of image/sound/data files) then valuable time could be wasted in trying to produce reflections of a similar calibre to that which could be more immediately/readily produced via a pen and paper or keyboard. Of course, as already mentioned above, Moon (2001) indicates, that the time spent on the reflective activity is, itself, of great value, and so using unfamiliar media/devices can help provide the time factor - and also a new range of tools - with which to interact with/tackle the subject of our reflection. New/different tools can provide new/different approaches and insights, furthering and deepening our reflection. However, when time is a major constraint, one may opt for the familiarity and immediacy of text, eschewing the uncertainty of learning to use a new media sufficiently well (in the given time) to develop reflections of worth. Another concern that comes to mind is that other possible forms of recording reflection (camera, video, sound) are so, or too, immediate and perhaps not expressive or precise enough or lack a common language with which to guarantee communication of a particular reflection. The saying goes, "A picture is worth a thousand words", but can that apply to our postgraduate learning context where lack of time for reflection (and to prepare for reflection) is an important factor? The "picture" in question would need to be loaded with so much (viewer-perceptable) value that its conception and realisation could take substantially more time than simply sitting down at one's table to write. In an ideal world would I prefer to experiment with multimedia?...Yes. But the realities of my world are such that I think I may not venture far from the tried and trusted.

The above notwithstanding, I hope that the Open University (OU) eportfolio "MyStuff" will prove to be a valuable resource for providing structure to the powers of reflection I have developed over the years, as well as to help produce alternative reflections to those that I may now take for granted.

In my opinion, the OU's Blog and Wiki could be valuable community platforms and resources, but I think the nature of study in the OU may limit their effectiveness beyond the minimum course requirement for use and interaction. At the moment I feel that the OU Forums are the only place with the sufficient sense of community for effective, reflective interaction to occur.


References:

Moon, J. (2001) ‘PDP working paper 4: reflection in higher education learning’ [online], The Higher Education Academy. Available from:
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York/documents/resources/resourcedatabase/id72_Reflection_in_Higher_Education_Learning.rtf (accessed 29 June 2007).